Hypertension is consistent elevation or systemic arterial blood poressure and it is caused by increase in cardiac output or total peripheral resistance. There are two categories of hypertension - primary (or essential) and secondary hypertension.
Individuals with hypertensive disease may have combined systolic and diastolic hypertension or isolated systolic hypertension. Most cases of combined systolic and diastolic hypertension have no known cause and this is classified as primary hypertension.
While secondary hypertension is caused by altered hemodynamics associated with a primary disease, like arteriosclerosis (hardening of the blood vessels due to calcification), atherosclerosis(plaque formation in the blood vessels), renal problems, endocrine disorders and adrenal disorders.
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