A low caloric diet also known as calorie- restricted diet is a modification of the regular diet designed to bring about a steady loss of body weight until the reasonable weight goal has been achieved without jeopardizing nutritional adequacy. The diet contains a reduced amount of calories necessary to effect weight loss while the intake of other nutrients remains at normal levels.
The consumption of concentrated foods rich in fat and sugars, which supply mainly calories, is reduced to minimum while protective foods such as fruits and vegetables are emphasized.
The energy allowance of an individual is calculated using any of the following methods:
• Subtract 500 to 1000 kcal per day from the estimated current kilo calorie intake to promote a weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds per week, respectively.
• Compute total energy allowance bases on desired body weight and level of physical activity.
It is used in cases such as:
• Congestive heart failure
• Excess weight associated with diabetes, heart disease, gout hypertension, and pre surgery patients.
• Hypothyroidism
A nutritionally adequate diet can be relatively easily planned for diets of 1200 to 1500 kcal per day. Rigid caloric restriction (800-1200 kcal per day) may indicate a need for vitamin and mineral supplements. If moderately overweight, recommend exercise, avoidance in fat and high sugar foods.
Put emphasis on foods with low energy value but high in satiety value such as fresh fruits and vegetables, plain breads, unrefined rice and cereals. Prepare also foods without adding considerable fat like grilling, broiling, stir-frying, baking, stewing and poaching.
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