Human body is a composite whole of bony structure, brain, lungs heart, diaphragm, liver stomach, pancreas, spleen small and large intestines. Excretory organs like skin, genitals, and anus. Apart from that it also houses eyes, ears, nose, mouth two extremities etc. there are also endocrine glands whose secretions govern functions of our body and whatever chemical changes occur in body, and it is also due to hypo / hyper activity of all these glands.
For the sake of convenience, body comprises of following major, systems viz
(i) Digestive system
(II) Circulatory System
(iii) Respiratory System
(iv) Genito urinary System
(v) Brain and Snesorium
(vi) Nervous system
(vii) Excretory system
(viii) Coetaneous skin system
(ix) organs of senses
Human body is like nay machine that is driven by fuel energy and with reference to body, our body receives energy from carbohydrates, proteins imparts muscle and tissue build up and fats provide heat. Minerals and vitamins serve as tonics for our whole nervous system. It is the blood that reaches every nook and corner of the body and keeps various organs fully nourishes. All the waste products of the body are discharged through faeces urine and sweating. Skin is the outer sheath of the body and protects our body from outside invasive forces.
Heart is like pumping station which receives impure blood through veins after chemical processing, dispatched that same to lings for oxygenation and purification. After being divested of harmful substances, it is again sent to heart for distribution through blood vessels to each and every part of the body. Now role of endocrine glands comes into play. Various endocrine glands release secretions into body thereby maintaining a chemical balance. If discharge from endocrine glands is disproportionate to the requirement of body most of the disorders surface and chemical composition of the blood stream gets adversely affected.
It is rightly stated that we are what we eat, and what we eat governs our activities. For instance, if a person eats little but works hard in proportion to his food intake his body will grow weaker. On the contrary, if he eats too much but refrains from performing any physical activity or leads a sedentary life, he will expose himself to disorders like obesity, high blood pressure, breathlessness, flatulence, dyspepsia constipation diarrhea, cardiac problems.
It has been well said that a few persons die of under eating where as millions die due to overeating, because the imprudent and indiscreet gluttons dig their own graves with their own teeth and mouth is the gateway of health diseases. Taste and avarice of the palate are the chief culprits in landing us in dire straits.
Our body is such a perfect and precise mechanism that it throws out all unwanted and undesirable elements from our body in form of urine, faeces, and sweat. If any one of the three execration's fails to be discarded by the body the poisons, toxins which should have been excreted gets mingled within the body and creates serious health hazards. Hence normal excretions from all openings of the body is a prerequisite for normal functioning of the body and this can be attained through
1. Balanced, nutritious and easily digestible diet that should consist of all the essential ingredients.
2. Regular physical activity to ensure proper digestion immobility and functioning of all organs
3. Adequate rest to provide relaxation to our body and mind.
As already stated blood nourishes all out body organs and blood id carried to various parts by oxygen which is a life sustaining force. If our body remains starved of oxygen the blood will remain impure and contaminated. If blood is deprived of essential constituents it won’t be able to meet various demands of our body. Hemoglobin renders red taint to blood and the former is made up of iron. When there is lack of iron, there will be inadequate supply of hemoglobin which in turn will render our blood poor and deficient. Hence, healthy food and its proper supply to all organs of the body is a factor of paramount indispensability.
Nervous System
All the activities are carried by the following parts
1. Spinal cord
2. Brain
Since our pertains to nervous diseases it won’t be out of place to discuss the relevant factors in seasonal details. First of all look at the skeleton which as a bony cage within which all our organs are housed.
Even a casual look will give an overview of the bon parts. There are also brain, heart liver, stomach pancreas spleen small and large intestines uro genital organs, rectum, anus eyes mouth, wars. The two hands are known as upper extremities and the feet are called lower extremities.
Spinal Cord
It is a flexible bony coloumn that extends from the skull to small of the back. I m using the word backbone deliberately as it rains through the spinal cord articulateness with the skull ribs, and hip girdle apart from providing attachment to the muscles of the back. Backbone is made up of individual bones connected by disks ifof fiber, cartilage and bound together by ligaments.
Backbone of a baby consist of
Cervical bones, 7 vertebra
Thoracic bones, 12 vertebra
Limbar bones, 5 vertebra
Sacral hip bones, 5 vertebra
Coccyged bones, 4 vertebra
But in an adult sacral and coccygeal bones becomes fused into two single bones hence an adult Vertebral column contains only 26 bones as compared to 33 of a new born infant.
There is no need to get confused due to complexity of the foresaid description but if you look carefully at the following figures you will easily understand what I have explained above.
Now a word about spinal cord. Details of backbone and spinal cord have been given in the preceding paras. Spinal Cord starts from medulla oblongata and terminates at the Coccyx which is 'tail bone' or end of spinal cord which is an important part of our
Nervous System. It can be explained this way—
(i) Spinal Cord is a portion of Nervous System enclosed in the Vertebral Column that consists of nerve cells and bundles of Nerves connecting all parts of the body with the brain.
(ii) It contains a core of gray matter which is surrounded by white matter.
(iii) It is couched/enveloped in three layers of membrane called the 'Meanings' and extends from the Medulla oblongata in the skull to the level of the II lumbar Vertebra; from here arise 31 pairs of 'Spinal Nerves'.
SPINAL NERVES
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord and are distributed to the body - passing out from spinal canal via the spaces between the arches of the vertebrae. Each nerve having two roots, viz.:-
(i) An Anterior Nerves: They carry motor fiber nerves and
(ii) Posterior Nerves: They carry sensory nerves
As soon as the roots leave the spinal cord they merge together to form a mixed spinal nerve on each side. See the transverse section through the spinal cord.
The nerves arising from the spinal cord not only connect various segments of the spinal cord with each other but, in addition, also connect the spinal cord with the brain. There are two types of nerves - one type of nerves terminates in the organs like muscles are known as 'Motor Nerves' whereas the other type of Nerves that ends in the skin are called 'Sensory Nerves', and their endings discharge the function of receptors of impressions. These nerves also carry the message from the skin to the brain/spinal cord. Both type of nerves are connected either in the brain or the spinal cord and finally to the receptors and the working organs and constitute an arc, commonly known as 'Reflex Arc' which is clearly shown in the following diagram.
WHAT'S A REFLEX ACTION?
The answer can be explained better through a simple example: If a sharp object (say a needle) is thrust in the hand, the sensory nerves carry the impression (message or word) through their fibers to the spinal cord, from where the motor nerves transmit and carry an instant message to the muscles of the hand to withdraw with a spontaneous reflex action and the hand is with drawn with a sudden jerk. The nerves are .capable of carrying the impulse @ 100 meters per second. The nerve impulses, transmitted to the spinal cord, form the periphery (say skin) by the sensory nerves are carried to the brain where sensations, such as cold^ heat, pain etc., are perceived.
THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM
We have following sense organs viz : (i) Eyes — They help us to see light and darkness
(ii) Ears-v-— They impart the power to hear
(iii) Nose — It gives power to smell.
(iv) Tongue — It enables one to discern between hot and cold, sweet and bitter, flat and pungent taste, salt and alkaline.
(v) Skin—Protects our body from thermic changes, helps to sweat out toxins,
provides a protective sheath to our body.
In addition there other organs of excretion viz, anus and rectum and urinary passage that also help to throw out waste products of the body.
Brain is the pivot of our mental and physical activities and is confined within the head, within which there is cluster of blood vessels that provide nutrition, strength and sustainability to brain, enabling it to discharge its functions. Following details will reveal a succinct picture and account of brain, nerves, muscles etc.
CONCLUSION
If we closely view muscles, main arteries & veins of head and neck as also the structure and make-up of the spinal cord, we will observe a very close relationship amongst all the said parts. It is the brain that receives sensations, impressions and motivates the concerned vessels to act in accordance with the arisen situation. Brain is like a power house within which various sources of energy, action and motivation are inherent. All the blood vessels simply carry out instructions of the brain to meet emergent/normal situations during the course of their occurrence. The veins and arteries are the carriers of various types of currents which are ultimately attached to a specific organ.
If, for any reason, the brain is not supplied with blood or if the blood supply to brain is inadequate or partial, the brain cannot discharge its functions. When arteries and veins are deficient with blood supply, bodily functions cannot be performed, because, if blood is the life line for our existence, blood vessels are the channels through which energy (in the form of blood) flows and, thus, supplies efficiency and functionality to the body organs. Hence brain, spinal cord, blood vessels and muscles cannot be viewed in isolation, since they are complementary to each other.
Most of the physical actions are done so silently and unnoticed that, at times, we wonder as to how all this happens. Let us not forget the just part played by food and its various nutrients, heart and lungs. Above all, let us not forget the sustaining force of life, which is respiration. If anyone of the disciplines gets vitiated and starts malfunctioning, life becomes miserable. All these factors have been explained earlier. Pure blood and regular supply of such blood to every nook and corner of the body is a pre-requisite for normal and. proper functioning of our body organs. If quality of blood is poor, entire body system would be landed in a state of quandary. If one organ is ailing and not performing its assigned job properly, functioning of rest of the organs will also be adversely affected.
If you want to keep your body in good humor, maintain normal Hb level in the blood which is possible by fresh air, regular physical activities, pure water, vegetables like beets, spinach, whole grain cereals, pulses, milk and cheese, whey and curd, eggs, fish, seasonal fruits, nuts and seeds.
Finally I would impress upon the importance of every organ of the body. No organ is insignificant, as each has a specific role to play in our daily activity, hence take care of your body as a whole, and though weak and ailing organs should be accorded more time and care. If your body is healthy, your mind will also be healthy and if both are healthy your nervous system shall be able to withstand ravages of life's events and, thus, won't cave in to stressful situations. Keep your nerves in good and functional tone and if you have healthy nervous system, your body, brain and intellect will impart an able and efficient feed-back to your system.
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